Interspecies differences in cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of neonicotinoids among cats, dogs, rats, and humans

Neonicotinoid insecticides are used for agricultural and non-agricultural purposes worldwide. Pets directly exposed to neonicotinoids in veterinary products through environmental contamination. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) is among the most significant xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes that oxidizes several chemicals, including neonicotinoids. However, CYP activities metabolite compositions of neonicotinoid metabolites unknown domesticated pet species. Our objectives were reveal differences (imidacloprid, clothianidin, acetamiprid) common species (cats dogs), humans, rats. The results indicated CYP-mediated metabolism was different depending on each neonicotinoid. Among these four species, kinetics imidacloprid rats have highest rate oxidation 4OH-imidacloprid, while greatest enzyme 5OH-imidacloprid found humans. Clothianidin rapidly metabolized 1-methyl-3-nitroguanidine dm-clothianidin rats, but cats humans showed lowest formation dm-clothianidin. acetamiprid dm-acetamiprid N-acetyl-acetamiprid determined be significantly higher compared other further studies should targeted at identifying hepatic using recombinant enzymes.